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GMAT作文中argument套路經(jīng)典分類

發(fā)布時間: 2011-04-07 00:00:00
摘要:
   PartI:Fallacy   1.Missingevidenceorjustification:hastygeneralization   2.Confusion...

    Part I:Fallacy

  1. Missing evidence or justification: hasty generalization

  2. Confusion in causal reasoning:

  a. post hoc, ergo propter hoc

  b. concurence

  c. causal oversimplification (可以看作hasty generalization的特例)

  3. other fallacies:

  a. false analogy

  b. false dillemma

  c. composition

  d. false appeal (appeal to common sense, appeal to authority, appeal to emotion)

  e. begging the question

  f. equivocation

  g. incomplete or selective comparison(可以歸于false analogy)

  h. ad hominem (h開始就比較少見)

  i. straw man

  j. argumentum ad populum

  Part II: Survey

  1. Information too vague (no sample, no population, procedure unknown)

  2. Data irrelevent

  3. Lacks representitiveness:

  a. the fallacy of insufficient sample (關(guān)鍵看sample和population的比例)

  b. the fallacy of biased sample(來自同一地區(qū),參與者有共同特性)

  c. incentives of author to bias the sample

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